Waste Management

Uganda’s Waste Management Framework

Uganda’s approach to waste management is governed by the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), which enforces clear regulations distinguishing between hazardous and non-hazardous waste. These rules are outlined in the  National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 2020 (S.I. No. 49 of 2020).

Hazardous Waste

Hazardous waste includes materials that pose a significant risk to human health or the environment—such as chemical residues, healthcare waste, radioactive substances, and electronic waste. Under the 2020 regulations:

• Mixing hazardous waste is strictly prohibited.
• Facilities must use special containers, labels, and manifest systems for tracking.
• Treatment and disposal must follow approved methods, including incineration and secure landfilling.
• Transporters must submit a journey management plan and comply with safety protocols.

Non-Hazardous Waste

Non-hazardous waste includes domestic, municipal, and some industrial waste that does not pose immediate danger. Key provisions include:

• Local governments are responsible for collection and disposal.
• Waste must be managed using the waste hierarchy: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, and dispose.
• Public littering and improper disposal along roads or public places are penalized.

Legal Framework

The  National Environment Act, Cap. 181  empowers NEMA to regulate all waste streams. The 2020 Waste Management Regulations replaced earlier laws from 1999, expanding oversight to:

• Licensing of waste handlers and facilities
• Extended producer responsibility for plastics and electronics
• Environmental and social assessments for waste projects

These laws ensure Uganda’s waste management aligns with global standards while protecting public health and ecosystems.