The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) has launched new voluntary “green” refrigerant labels to help Ugandan consumers easily identify environmentally friendly air conditioners and refrigerators/freezers. The labels highlight appliances that use natural refrigerants, R290 and R600a, which are safe for the ozone layer, climate, environment, and human health.

Why These Labels Are Important

Many older or conventional cooling appliances use synthetic refrigerants such as R22, R410A, R32, R404A, and R134a. These chemicals are known to damage the environment. For instance, R22 harms the ozone layer, while R410A, R32, R404A, and R134a have extremely high global warming impacts. Some also contain PFAS chemicals, commonly called “forever chemicals,” which can persist in the environment and affect health.

In comparison, natural refrigerants like R290 and R600a have near-zero climate impact, do not harm the ozone layer, and contain no dangerous chemicals. They are also more energy efficient, helping consumers save on electricity costs.

Air Conditioners: R290 is Best Option

The new AC refrigerant label explains the climate and environmental impact of different refrigerants. R290 stands out as the safest and most climate-friendly option, with very low global warming potential. By contrast, refrigerants like R410A and R32 contribute significantly to global warming. Just one kilogramme of R410A leaking into the air equals almost five tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, similar to driving a petrol car for 14,000 kilometres.

Uganda is also phasing out harmful refrigerants. Starting January 2026, importing R22 air conditioners are being banned because of its high global warming and ozone-depleting effects.

NEMA further advises the public to always look beyond refrigerants and also check for appliances that meet the East African Community’s new minimum energy performance standards. These standards ensure that appliances consume less electricity, helping households lower their energy bills.

Refrigerators and Freezers: Choose R600a or R290

The new refrigerant label for refrigerators and freezers shows similar results. Natural refrigerants R600a and R290 have near-zero global warming impact and no harmful chemical effects. They also make appliances more energy efficient.

Synthetic refrigerants such as R404A and R134a, on the other hand, have very high global warming potential. For example, leaking one kilogramme of R404A equals 7.2 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, similar to driving 21,000 kilometres. These refrigerants also contain PFAS and break down into another persistent substance called TFA, raising further environmental concerns.

Supporting a Greener Uganda

By choosing appliances that use natural refrigerants and meet energy efficiency standards, Ugandans can play an important role in protecting the climate, reducing pollution, and lowering their electricity costs.

For more information, contact:

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